Leaving the buzz of D.C. for a wooded lot in Great Falls sounds like a dream: more space, fresh air, and quiet nights. It also introduces a few new responsibilities that city services used to handle for you. If you know what to expect, acreage living can be straightforward and rewarding. In this guide, you’ll learn the essentials of wells and septic, driveway and access best practices, nearby parks, and a realistic 90‑day setup plan tailored to Great Falls. Let’s dive in.
What changes on acreage
Great Falls is a low‑density, wooded corner of Fairfax County where many homes sit on larger lots. Unlike much of D.C., you’ll often rely on private wells for water and onsite sewage systems (septic) instead of municipal utilities. You, not the county, own and maintain these systems.
Electric service commonly comes from Dominion Energy, and some addresses have natural gas through Washington Gas. Internet and cable often come from Verizon or Comcast/Xfinity, but availability can vary by street. Before you buy or right after you move, verify what’s available at the exact address.
You’ll also be responsible for private driveways, including snow removal, surface maintenance, and keeping access clear for emergency vehicles. This is all very manageable with the right plan, which you’ll find below.
Private wells: what to know
When a home runs on a private well, you own and maintain the system. Construction, replacement, or abandonment typically requires permitting and inspection through state and local public health authorities. In Fairfax County, that oversight runs through the county’s health department and the Virginia Department of Health.
Regular testing and basic upkeep protect water quality and equipment life. Keep records and service contacts handy so you can act quickly if something changes.
Test and maintain your well
- Test annually for total coliform bacteria and nitrate. Test more often if issues arise, after flooding, or after well work.
- Consider testing for iron, manganese, pH, total dissolved solids, and lead based on home age and water characteristics. Volatile organic compounds are worth checking if you are near historical industrial use.
- Protect the wellhead. Keep it clear and accessible, with a tight, secure cap.
- Watch system performance. Note pressure changes, unusual noises, or flow loss. Schedule pump and pressure‑tank checks as needed.
- Keep records. Save test results, permits, and service invoices. They help with troubleshooting and future resale.
First 30–90 days with a well
- Obtain the well log and permit from the seller or local health authority.
- Perform baseline testing for bacteria and nitrate, and add other tests if conditions warrant.
- Locate the pressure tank, controls, and the main shutoff for well equipment.
- Identify a local, licensed contractor for pump service or emergency replacement.
Septic systems: the essentials
Septic systems handle wastewater onsite. You own and maintain the tank and drainfield and are responsible for routine pumping and repairs. Installation and repairs are regulated by Fairfax County and the Virginia Department of Health, so permits may be required for alterations or replacements.
Some homes use advanced treatment units or pumped systems that rely on electricity and alarms. If your system has a control panel, learn how it works and who services it.
Routine care that prevents problems
- Pump the tank every 3–5 years under typical conditions. Household size and tank capacity can change the interval.
- Choose what you flush. Avoid wipes, grease, and chemicals that can disrupt treatment.
- Conserve water. Spread out laundry, fix leaks, and watch high‑use habits to reduce strain on the system.
- Protect the drainfield. Keep heavy vehicles off it and avoid planting deep‑rooted trees nearby.
Warning signs to watch
- Sewage odors in the yard or home
- Slow drains, gurgling toilets, or backups
- Soggy or unusually green patches above the drainfield
- Alarm activation on systems with control panels
If any of these appear, reduce water use and contact a qualified septic technician. If sewage is surfacing, contact local health authorities for guidance.
Inspections and documentation
- Locate the septic tank, drainfield, and any control panels or alarms.
- Gather as‑built plans and maintenance records if available.
- Schedule a professional septic inspection within the first 30–60 days if records are missing or the system’s age is unknown.
Driveways, access, and outdoor upkeep
On acreage, your driveway is part of your home’s critical infrastructure. You will handle snow removal, routine upkeep, and access planning. This supports everyday convenience and emergency response.
Winter and snow removal
Fairfax County clears public roads only. For long or steep driveways, homeowners often arrange a private plow service or share costs with neighbors or an HOA. Walk the route before winter to identify hazards, tight curves, or spots that drift.
Emergency access and addressing
Emergency vehicles need safe, reliable driveway access. County guidance covers width, grade, surface, turnarounds, and visible address signage. Make sure house numbers are clearly visible from the road and that branches or brush do not block vehicles.
Properties with heavy tree cover benefit from defensible‑space practices. Clear brush and thin vegetation around structures. Keep the driveway free of overhanging limbs and flammable debris.
Drainage, erosion, and permits
Major driveway grading or soil disturbance can trigger county erosion and stormwater requirements. Even small projects should plan for proper drainage with culverts or swales to prevent erosion and downstream impacts. Surface choices include asphalt or tar‑and‑chip, crushed stone or gravel, and reinforced grass pavers. Gravel is lower cost to install but needs periodic grading and infill. Paved surfaces need sealing on a set schedule.
Trees and utilities
Inspect trees near the house and drive periodically. Hire an ISA‑certified arborist for removals or major pruning. If branches are near power lines, contact your utility provider. Only qualified crews may work within utility rights‑of‑way.
Parks, trails, and outdoor access
Great Falls gives you quick access to the Potomac River corridor. You’ll find a mix of National Park Service sites and Fairfax County parks with different rules, fees, and parking systems.
Where to go first
- Great Falls Park offers dramatic river overlooks and extensive trails. Check current NPS details for hours, parking, and any entrance fees.
- Riverbend Park and Riverbend Regional Park provide scenic riverside hiking and nature programs under the Fairfax County Park Authority.
- Scott’s Run Nature Preserve features wooded trails and stream crossings close to the river.
Some neighborhoods and HOAs maintain private trails or ponds. Access depends on the community’s rules.
Smart access tips
- Popular trailheads fill quickly on weekends. Consider early mornings or off‑peak times.
- Expect entrance or parking fees at some sites. Confirm current rules before special events or group visits.
- Leash rules vary. Most county parks require dogs on leash. Check posted guidance.
- River access points follow specific boating and safety regulations. Always review requirements for life jackets and launches.
Your 90‑day setup plan
Use this checklist to get settled with confidence. It reflects common timelines for new Great Falls homeowners.
Days 0–7: Move‑in essentials
- Confirm utility transfers for electric, gas, trash, and recycling. Check internet and phone options for your exact address.
- Locate and label the main water shutoff for the well system, electric panel, septic tank access points, wellhead, and pressure tank.
- Photograph exterior systems and file any seller‑provided manuals, as‑builts, and permits.
Days 7–30: Safety and inspections
- Water: Run baseline well testing for bacteria and nitrate. If results are poor or unknown, consider shock chlorination with a qualified pro and retesting.
- Septic: Schedule an inspection and pumping if records are missing or the age is unknown.
- Emergency access: Ensure address numbers are visible from the road and check that your driveway accommodates emergency vehicles. Contact the fire marshal’s office if you are unsure.
- Snow and driveway: Line up a snow removal plan and inspect the driveway for hazards or drainage issues.
- Contacts: Save numbers for a licensed well contractor, septic technician, arborist, driveway contractor, and an electrician familiar with pump systems.
Days 30–60: Maintenance and community
- Obtain copies of well and septic permits from local health offices and keep them in a permanent file.
- Test the pressure tank and pump performance. Set routine service intervals and create accounts with key service providers for fast response.
- Walk the property to check for hazardous trees or limbs near structures and driveways. Schedule arborist work if needed.
- Get to know the community. Register with your HOA if applicable and learn park programs and county services.
Days 60–90: Plan ahead
- Septic: Put the next pump or inspection on your calendar based on usage and tank size.
- Well: Subscribe to annual testing reminders and note pump age and model for future replacement planning.
- Driveway and drainage: Scope any grading or surfacing projects and check if permits are needed for large disturbance.
- Insurance: Review coverage for well and septic issues. Consider endorsements for water testing, contamination, or well pump replacement.
- Preparedness: Build a wildfire and severe‑weather plan suited to acreage. Consider backup power options for any system that needs electricity.
Work with a local guide
Acreage living in Great Falls rewards preparation. With a clear plan for water, wastewater, access, and outdoor resources, you can enjoy the privacy and nature you moved for. If you want a smooth transition from D.C. and a home that fits your goals, the Cox & Cox Group is here to help you compare neighborhoods, evaluate property features like well and septic, and coordinate inspections and services.
Ready to explore acreage in Great Falls or plan your move from D.C.? Contact Us — Let’s Solve Your Home Needs with the Cox & Cox Group.
FAQs
What should D.C. buyers know about wells in Great Falls?
- Many homes use private wells. You own and maintain the system, follow state and county permitting for any work, and test water at least annually for bacteria and nitrate.
How often should I test well water on an acreage property?
- Test annually for bacteria and nitrate, and more often after flooding, repairs, or if problems arise. Consider periodic tests for iron, manganese, pH, total dissolved solids, and lead based on conditions.
How often should a septic tank be pumped in Fairfax County?
- A common recommendation is every 3–5 years, but actual frequency depends on tank size and household use. Keep records to refine your schedule.
What are the warning signs of septic system trouble?
- Sewage odors, slow drains, gurgling toilets, soggy or unusually lush grass above the drainfield, or an alarm sounding on advanced systems.
Who clears snow on long private driveways in Great Falls?
- The homeowner does. Arrange private plow service or share plans with neighbors or your HOA. The county maintains public roads only.
Do I need permits to regrade my driveway or add a culvert?
- Possibly. Larger grading or soil disturbance can trigger county erosion and stormwater permits. Check local requirements before starting work.
Are there fees or leash rules at Great Falls Park and nearby trails?
- Some sites charge entrance or parking fees, and most county parks require dogs on leash. Check current rules for each park before your visit.
What should I expect for internet and cell service on acreage in Great Falls?
- Coverage varies by address. Many parts of Fairfax County have fiber or cable, but some acreage lots have limited options. Confirm providers and test coverage at the property.
